Stress is defined as the force per unit area. Thus, the formula for calculating stress is: Where σ denotes stress, F is load and A is the cross sectional area. The most commonly used units for stress ...

Currently, the rebound hammer is widely used for estimation of compressive strength of concrete as general testing method. Although rebound hammer has made great contribution for compressive strength ...

Hollow Glass Microspheres are inorganic, nonmetallic spherical materials created by specific processes, commonly with diameters in the range of 10 to 250 μm and wall thicknesses of 1 to 2 μm (Figure 1 ...